Overview
The International Standards Organization (ISO) sets classifications for marine fuels that are supplied on a world-wide basis (Marine fuels are specifically covered under ISO 8216 and 8217). The ISO periodically releases new standards for ISO 8216 and 8217, with parameters that outline fuel content, characteristics, and applications.
History
ISO 8216 and ISO 8217 standards describe the categories of marine fuels and provide detailed specifications, respectively. These specifications were developed to meet the requirements for marine fuels supplied on a world-wide basis for consumption on board ships. Internationally, a large number of residual fuel categories are available due to variations in crude oil supplies, refining methods, ship machinery characteristics and other local conditions. However, at a local or national level, the number of available categories can be limited. While ISO 8217 takes into account various international requirements for such properties as flash point and sulfur, it is up to the user to identify and ensure compliance with all local, national and regional requirements. ASTM D2069, adopted in 1991, was intended to be technically equivalent to ISO 8217. It was withdrawn in 2003. Classification The detailed classification of marine fuels into categories of products is based on the main applications and characteristics of the products. The classification is broadly broken down into distillate fuels and residual fuels. The products are designated by a code that consists of:
- 1. The initials ISO,
- 2. The letter F (for petroleum fuels),
- 3. The category of fuel, consisting of three letters:
- the first letter of this category is always the family letter (D for distillate or R for residual);
- the second letter, M, designates the application “Marine”,
- the third letter, X, A, B, C, …, K, which indicates the particular properties in the product specification (ISO 8217),
- 4. for residual fuels, a number which corresponds to the maximum kinematic viscosity, in mm2/s, at 50°C.
For example a product may be designated in the complete form, e.g. ISO-F-RMA 10, or in abbreviated form, e.g. F-RMA 10.
Technical Standards
The fourth edition of ISO specifications for 8216 and ISO 8217 was released in June 2010 and are available on the ISO website for purchase, www.iso.org. (description of 2010 standard)
ISO 8217 Fuel Standard, Third Edition 2005
| Parameter | Unit | Limit | DMX | DMA | DMB | DMC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density at 15 °C | kg/m³ | Max | – | 890.0 | 900.0 | 920.0 |
| Viscosity at 40 ° C | mm²/s | Max | 5.5 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 14.0 |
| Viscosity at 40 °C | mm²/s | Min | 1.4 | 1.5 | – | – |
| Micro Carbon Residue at 10% Residue | % m/m | Max | 0.30 | 0.30 | – | – |
| Micro Carbon Residue | % m/m | Max | – | – | 0.30 | 2.50 |
| Water | % V/V | Max | – | – | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Sulfur c | % (m/m) | Max | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Total Sediment Existent | % m/m | Max | – | – | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Ash | % m/m | Max | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| Vanadium | mg/kg | Max | – | – | – | 100 |
| Aluminium + Silicon | mg/kg | Max | – | – | – | 25 |
| Flash point | °C | Min | 43 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Pour point, Summer | °C | Max | – | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| Pour point, Winter | °C | Max | – | -6 | 0 | 0 |
| Cloud point | °C | Max | -16 | – | – | – |
| Calculated Cetane Index | Min | 45 | 40 | 35 | – | |
| Appearance | Clear & Bright | – | – | |||
| Zinc d | mg/kg | Max | – | – | 15 | |
| Phosphorus d | mg/kg | Max | – | – | 15 | |
| Calcium d | mg/kg | Max | – | – | 30 | |
| c | A sulfur limit of 1.5% m/m will apply in SOx Emission Control Areas designated by the International Maritime Organization, when its relevant Protocol comes into force. There may be local variations | |||||
| d | The Fuel shall be free of ULO. A Fuel is considered to be free of ULO if one or more of the elements are below the limits.All three elements shall exceed the limits before deemed to contain ULO. | |||||
| Parameter | Unit | Limit | RMA 30 | RMB 30 | RMD 80 | RME 180 | RMF 180 | RMG 380 | RMH 380 | RMK 380 | RMH 700 | RMK 700 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density at 15 °C | kg/m³ | Max | 960.0 | 975.0 | 980.0 | 991.0 | 991.0 | 1010.0 | 991.0 | 1010.0 | ||
| Viscosity at 50°C | mm²/s | Max | 30.0 | 80.0 | 180.0 | 380.0 | 700 | |||||
| Water | % V/V | Max | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
| Micro Carbon Residue | % m/m | Max | 10 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 18 | 22 | 22 | |||
| Sulfur c | % m/m | Max | 3.5 | 4.00 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | |||||
| Ash | % m/m | Max | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | |||
| Vanadium | mg/kg | Max | 150 | 350 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 600 | 600 | |||
| Flash point | °C | Min | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | |||||
| Pour point, Summer | °C | Max | 6 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | ||||
| Pour point, Winter | °C | Max | 0 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | ||||
| Aluminium + Silicon | mg/kg | Max | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | |||||
| Total Sediment,Potential | % m/m | Max | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||
| Zinc d | mg/kg | Max | 15 | |||||||||
| Phosphorus d | mg/kg | Max | 15 | |||||||||
| Calcium d | mg/kg | Max | 30 | |||||||||
| c | A sulfur limit of 1.5% m/m will apply in SOx Emission Control Areas designated by the International Maritime Organization, when its relevant Protocol comes into force. There may be local variations. | |||||||||||
| d | The Fuel shall be free of ULO. A Fuel is considered to be free of ULO if one or more of the elements are below the limits.All three elements shall exceed the limits before deemed to contain ULO. | |||||||||||
