Overview
Non-road mobile machinery powered by diesel is subject to Stage III emission standards (similar to EU Stage III A) as of April 2016. Stage II emission standards apply to three-wheeled and low-speed vehicles as of October 2008 and non-road mobile machinery powered by gasoline as of January 2016.
Standard type
Conventional pollutant emission limits
Regulating Body
Ministry of Environmental Protection
Current Standard
- Current standards:
- Three-wheeled and low-speed vehicles: Stage II (GB 19756-2005)
- Nonroad mobile machinery (diesel): Stage III/IV (GB 20981-2014)
- Nonroad mobile machinery (gasoline): Stage II (GB 26133-2010)
- Future standards:
- Stage III Standards for 3-wheeled vehicles released for comment in 2016, not yet implemented
Applicability
Three-wheeled and low-speed vehicles
As defined in GB 19756-2005:
- Three-wheeled vehicles: three-wheeled goods vehicles with maximum design speed less than or equal to 50 km/h.
- Low-speed vehicles: four-wheeled goods vehicles vehicles with maximum design speed less than or equal to 70 km/h.
History
China has established emissions standards for multiple categories of non-highway vehicles and engines. These include standards for three-wheeled and low-speed vehicles (primarily used in agricultural and rural applications) as well as nonroad mobile machinery.
Chinese emissions standards for nonroad mobile machinery are generally based on the European emission standards. However, the Chinese standards also include small diesel engines which are not included in the European standards. Emissions limits for the smallest engines are consistent with the US Tier 1/2 nonroad standards.
In June 2013, China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) issued draft Stage III emission limits for nonroad diesel engines, with reference to European Stage III. In May 2014, MEP announced the official standards for Stage III and IV. China Stage III and IV are comparable to European Stage III A and III B, respectively.
Compared to the EU standard (2004/26/EC), China Stage III and IV standards have the following main changes (GB 20981-2014).
- Applicable to a broader range of power categories – regulating engine power less than 19 kW or above 560 kW
- Excluding the technical requirements for European Stage IV
- G2 test cycle as described in ISO8178 is required for specific engines
- Additional requirement for characterization of catalytic converters
- Revised fuel properties requirement of reference diesel fuel for testing (e.g. maximum sulfur content 300 ppm for European Stage III A vs. 350 ppm for China III
- Simplified criteria for consistency check
The new national standard sets the limits for China Stage IV. While the mandatory implementation date for Stage IV is unknown, early implementation is encouraged for regions that can meet the regulation (GB 20981-2014).
Implementation dates for Chinese nonroad emissions standards are as follows:
| Stage | Standard | Implementation Date (type approval) |
Implementation Date (all sales and registrations) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I (smoke only) | GB 18322-2002 | 1 Oct 2002 | 1 Jul 2003 |
| Stage II (smoke only) | 1 Jan 2004 | 1 Jul 2004 | |
| Stage I (emissions) | GB 19756-2005 | 1 Oct 2006 | 1 Oct 2007 |
| Stage II (emissions) | 1 Oct 2007 | 1 Oct 2008 |
| Fuel | Stage | Standard | Implementation Date (type approval) |
Implementation Date (all sales and registrations) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | Stage I | GB 20891-2007 | 1 October 2007 | 1 October 2008 |
| Stage II | 1 October 2009 | 1 October 2010 | ||
| Stage III | GB 20981-2014 | 1 October 2014 | 1 October 2015 | |
| Stage IV | TBD | TBD | ||
| Gasoline | Stage I | GB 26133-2010 | 1 Mar 2011 | 1 Mar 2012 |
| Stage II | 1 Jan 2013(1) 1 Jan 2015(2) |
1 Jan 2014(1) 1 Jan 2016(2) |
||
| (1) Non-handheld; (2) Handheld | ||||
Technical Standards
Three-wheeled and low-speed vehicles
| Stage | CO | HC | NOx | PM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 11.2/12.3 | 2.4/2.6 | 14.4/15.8 | – | ||||
| II | 4.5/4.9 | 1.1/1.23 | 8.0/9.0 | 0.61/0.68 | ||||
| Note: The first number listed is the Type Approval limit value while the second number is Conformity of Production limit value. | ||||||||
Limit values given in GB 19756-2005.
Nonroad Diesel Engines
| Stage | Max Power (P), kW | CO | HC | NOx | HC+NOx | PM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I i | 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 9.2 | – | 0.54 |
| 75 ≤ P < 130 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 9.2 | – | 0.7 | |
| 37 ≤ P < 75 | 6.5 | 1.3 | 9.2 | – | 0.85 | |
| 18 ≤ P < 37 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 10.8 | – | 1.0 | |
| 8 ≤ P < 18 | 8.4 | – | – | 12.9 | – | |
| 0 < P < 8 | 12.3 | – | – | 18.4 | – | |
| II | 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 6.0 | – | 0.2 |
| 75 ≤ P < 130 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 6.0 | – | 0.3 | |
| 37 ≤ P < 75 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 7.0 | – | 0.4 | |
| 18 ≤ P < 37 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 8.0 | – | 0.8 | |
| 8 ≤ P < 18 | 6.6 | – | – | 9.5 | 0.8 | |
| 0 < P < 8 | 8.0 | – | – | 10.5 | 1.0 | |
| III | P > 560 | 3.5 | – | – | 6.4 | 0.20 |
| 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 | 3.5 | – | – | 4.0 | 0.20 | |
| 75 ≤ P < 130 | 5.0 | – | – | 4.0 | 0.30 | |
| 37 ≤ P < 75 | 5.0 | – | – | 4.7 | 0.40 | |
| P < 37 | 5.5 | – | – | 7.5 | 0.60 | |
| IV | P > 560 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 3.5, 0.67 ii | – | 0.10 |
| 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 | 3.5 | 0.19 | 2.0 | – | 0.025 | |
| 75 ≤ P < 130 | 5.0 | 0.19 | 3.3 | – | 0.025 | |
| 56 ≤ P < 75 | 5.0 | 0.19 | 3.3 | – | 0.025 | |
| 37 ≤ P < 56 | 5.0 | – | – | 4.7 | 0.025 | |
| P < 37 | 5.5 | – | – | 7.5 | 0.60 | |
| Notes: i Stage I limits shall be achieved before any exhaust aftertreatment device. ii Applicable to mobile power generator with diesel engine Pmax > 900 kW |
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Emissions are measured over a steady-state test cycle that is equivalent to the ISO 8178 C1, 8-mode test. Other ISO 8178 test cycles can be used for selected applications.
Nonroad Gasoline Engines
Limit values given in GB 26133-2010.
Additional Notes
Compared to previous standards, the non-road transient cycle (NRTC) will be required to test non-constant speed diesel engines with power below 560 kW in State IV. For Stage III, manufacturers have the option to choose NRTC to test non-constant speed diesel engines with power below 560 kW. The NRTC includes cold-start and hot-start tests. The weights of cold-start and hot-start test results are 10% and 90%, respectively.
Additionally, unlike Stage I and II, durability testing is required in Stage III and IV. The test time requirements are provided in the table below. Durability testing is conducted to establish deterioration factors for diesel engines with after-treatment systems or deterioration corrections for diesel engines without after-treatment systems. The test results from Stage III and IV need to be multiplied by deterioration factors or added to deterioration corrections and then compared to the limits.
| Max Power (P), kW | Speed (rpm) | Useful Life (h) | Allowed Minimum Test Time (h) |
|---|---|---|---|
| P ≥ 37 | Any speed | 8000 | 2000 |
| 19 ≤ P < 37 | Non-constant speed | 5000 | 1250 |
| Constant speed < 3000 | |||
| Constant speed > 3000 | |||
| P < 19 | Any speed | 3000 | 750 |
Links
Regulatory Documents
Three-wheeled and low-speed vehicles:
Smoke I/II: GB 18322-2002
China I/II: GB 19756-2005
Non-road mobile machinery:
Diesel I/II: GB 20891-2007
Diesel III/IV: GB 20981-2014
Gasoline I/II: GB 26133-2010
