Brazil: Light-duty: Fiscal Incentive

Overview

Policy Type
Fiscal Incentive

Regulating Body
Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (Ministry of Development, Industry, and Commerce)

Applicability
All light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and light commercial vehicles (LCVs)

Contents

Categories

Brazil Light-duty vehicles

History

In October 2012, the Brazilian government approved a new program, “Inovar-Auto,” to encourage vehicle technology innovation. The program fosters industry competitiveness by encouraging automakers to produce more efficient, safe, and technology-advanced vehicles while investing in the national automotive industry. Inovar-Auto provides incentives in two ways. It first increases a tax on industrialized products (IPI) by 30 percent for all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and light commercial vehicles (LCVs). Second, it imposes a series of requirements for automakers to qualify for up to 30 percent discount in the IPI (further discussed below). In other words, IPI taxes will remain unchanged for those manufacturers that meet the requirements, thus incentivizing investments in vehicle efficiency, national production, research & development (R&D), and automotive technology. The program is limited to vehicles manufactured between 2013 and 2017, after which IPI rates return to pre-2013 levels unless modifications to the decree are made.

The IPI (Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados) is a tax on industrialized products either manufactured or imported to Brazil. In the case of products manufactured in Brazil, taxes are imposed on the product sales price, while in the case of imported products, the tax base is the sales price plus import taxes and other required fees (e.g., shipping, insurance). IPI rates for LDVs depend on engine displacement and fuel type, illustrating Brazil’s long-term incentive towards smaller engines.

**IPI Rates (National Production)**
Engine displacement (L)	IPI Before 2012	New IPI
Less than 1 L	7%	37%
1-2 L Flex/Ethanol	11%	41%
1-2 L Gasoline	13%	43%
Above 2 L	25%	55%

Program Details

Under the new program, automakers will need to meet a corporate average vehicle efficiency target to qualify for up to 30 percent discount in the IPI. In addition, automakers will need to conduct a certain number of manufacturing processes in Brazil, and to choose at least 2 out of 3 pre-requisites to qualify for the program: (1) investment in R&D, (2) investment in engineering, industrial technology, and supplier capacitation, and (3) participation in the Vehicle Labeling scheme. Automakers can qualify for an additional 1-2 percent discount in the IPI by meeting more stringent corporate average vehicle efficiency targets.

**Inovar-Auto requirements**
Year	Minimum Number of National Manufacturing Processes	Minimum R&D Investment	Minimum Engineering Investment	Minimum Participation in PBEV
2013	6	0.15%	0.50%	36%
2014	7	0.30%	0.75%	49%
2015	7	0.50%	1.00%	64%
2016	8	0.50%	1.00%	81%
2017	8	0.50%	1.00%	100%

Vehicle Efficiency

Automakers need to improve their corporate average vehicle efficiency for new LDVs by about 12 percent from 2012 levels by October 2017 to qualify for the Inovar-Auto program. This target was based on Europe’s 2015 target for new LDVs of 130 gCO₂/km, and adapted to Brazil based on differences in driving cycle, vehicle, fuel, and road specifications. Average vehicle efficiency, in megajoules/kilometers (MJ/km) and measured on the combined (urban/highway) CAFE cycle, needs to be calculated by Equation 1. To qualify for an additional IPI reduction of 1 percent and 2 percent, automakers need to meet average vehicle efficiency calculated by Equations 2 and 3 by October 2016, which would result in average improvements in new vehicle efficiency of about 16 percent and 19 percent, respectively.

**Equations for Calculation of Vehicle Efficiency**
Equation No.	Equation
1	VE = 1.155 + 0.000593 x M
2	VE = 1.111 + 0.000570 x M
3	VE = 1.067 + 0.000547 x M
Note: VE: corporate average vehicle efficiency (MJ/km) M: average mass in kilograms (curb weight) for all vehicles commercialized in Brazil, and weighted by vehicle sales in the 12 months preceding the calculation.

The expected improvements from these three target levels are summarized in the following table.

**Vehicle Efficiency Improvements**
Equation No.	IPI Reduction	Average New LDV Efficiency (MJ/km)	Vehicle Efficiency improvement
1	Up to 30% depending on compliance with other pre-requisites	1.82	12.1%
2	+1%	1.75	15.5%
3	+2%	1.68	18.8%

National Activities

Automakers need to conduct a minimum number of manufacturing and engineering infrastructure activities for at least 80 percent of produced LDVs and LCVs in Brazil. The activities considered are the following:

Stamping	Electrical systems assembly	Welding
Axle and brake systems assembly	Anticorrosion treatment and painting	Monoblock manufacturing or chassis assembly
Plastic injection	Motor manufacturing	Assembly, final review, and testing
Gearbox and transmission manufacturing	Own laboratory infrastructure for product development and testing	Steering and suspension systems assembly

Investment

Automakers need to invest in research & development in Brazil and applied over the gross revenue of products and services, excluding taxes and contributions over sales.

Automakers need to invest in engineering, industrial technology, and supplier capacitation in Brazil and applied over the gross revenue of products and services, excluding taxes and contributions over sales.

Vehicle Labeling Scheme

Automakers must comply with Brazil’s Vehicle Labeling scheme (PBEV – Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem Veicular), with the minimum percentages of vehicle sales.