Conventional pollutant emission limits
Ministry of Environmental Protection
China III (similar to Euro 3, but with some key differences)
Two and three-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds
History
China is the world’s leading motorcycle manufacturer, with an annual production volume of over 27 million two- and three-wheelers. With such an immense population of motorcycles and mopeds, regulating the group of vehicles is an important piece of the country’s emission control program.
Stage III standards are based on the Euro 3 standards for motorcycles, but with the new addition of emission durability requirements (unique to China III in that they are not part of the EU’s motorcycle program). Two stroke engines are no longer sold in China in order to make it easier to meet Stage III standards.
The most current set of emissions standards, Stage III standards, for two- and three-wheelers in China were implemented in 2008-2009. Even as standards for two- and three- wheelers tighten, motorcycles remain more polluting than four-wheel vehicles (on a per kilometer basis), and further reduction in emission limits will be required to mitigate their air quality impacts.
Gasoline is the dominant fuel for these types of vehicles. Regulated pollutants, for both the Euro and China programs, include HC, CO, and NOx.
Key progress in China’s implementation of motorcycle emission standards is as follows:
| Stage | Standard | Implementation Date (type approval) |
Implementation Date (all sales and registrations) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I | GB 14622-2002 (MCs) GB18176-2002 (mopeds) |
1 Jan 2003 | 1 Jul 2003 (MCs) 1 Jan 2004 (mopeds) |
| Stage II | 1 Jan 2004 (MCs) 1 Jan 2005 (mopeds) |
1 Jan 2005 (MCs) 1 Jan 2006 (mopeds) |
|
| Stage III | GB 14622-2007 (MCs) GB18176-2007 (mopeds) |
1 Jul 2008 | 1 Jul 2009(1) |
| (1) This is the original implementation date; actual implementation date extended by one year. | |||
Technical Standards
China introduced the Stage I standard in 2003 for motorcycles and 2004 for mopeds. The standards quickly moved to Stage II, which were implemented in 2005 for 2- and 3-wheeled motorcycles. A year later, it was a requirement for 2- and 3-wheeled mopeds as well.
| Year began | Engine Size (cc) | (g/km) | Driving Cycle | Cold Start | Durability (km) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO | HC | NOx | HC + NOx | |||||
| Two-Wheeler with Two-Stroke Engine | ||||||||
| 2003 | <50 (moped) | 6 | – | – | 3 | ECE R47 | No | 6,0001 |
| ≥50 | 8 | 4 | 0.1 | – | ECE R40 | No | 6,0001 | |
| 2004 | ≥50 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 0.3 | – | ECE R40 | No | 10,0001 |
| 2005 | ≥50 (moped) | 1 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R47 | No | 10,0001 |
| Two-Wheeler with Four-Stroke Engine | ||||||||
| 2003 | <50 (moped) | 6 | – | – | 3 | ECE R47 | No | 6,0001 |
| ≥50 | 13 | 3 | 0.3 | – | ECE R40 | No | 6,0001 | |
| 2004 | ≥50 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 0.3 | – | ECE R40 | No | 10,0001 |
| 2005 | <50 (moped) | 1 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R47 | No | 10,0001 |
| 2008 | <50 | 1 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R47 | Yes | 10,000 |
| 50-150 | 2 | 0.8 | 0.15 | – | ECE R40 | Yes | 18,0002 30,0003 |
|
| ≥150 | 2 | 0.3 | 0.15 | – | ECE R40 + EUDC | Yes | 18,0002 30,0003 |
|
| Notes: 1. If installed with emission control device; 2. Maximum speed under 130 km/h and displacement above 150cc; 3. Maximum speed equal to or above 130 km/h and displacement above 150cc; |
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| Year began | Engine Size (cc) | (g/km) | Driving Cycle | Cold Start | Durability (km) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO | HC | NOx | HC + NOx | |||||
| Three-Wheeler with Two-Stroke Engine | ||||||||
| 2003 | < 50 (moped) | 12 | – | – | 6 | ECE R47 | No | 6,0001 |
| ≥50 | 12 | 6 | 0.15 | – | ECE R40 | No | 6,0001 | |
| 2004 | ≥50 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.4 | – | ECE R40 | No | 10,0001 |
| 2005 | <50 (moped) | 3.5 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R47 | No | 10,0001 |
| 2008 | <50 (moped) | 3.5 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R47 | Yes | 10,000 |
| ≥50 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | – | ECE R40 | Yes | 12,0004 18,0002 30,0003 |
|
| Three-Wheeler with Four-Stroke Engine | ||||||||
| 2003 | <50 | 12 | – | – | 6 | ECE R47 | No | 6,0001 |
| ≥50 | 19.5 | 4.5 | 0.45 | – | ECE R40 | No | 6,0001 | |
| 2005 | <50 (moped) | 3.5 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R40 | No | 10,0001 |
| ≥50 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.4 | – | ECE R40 | No | 10,0001 | |
| 2008 | <50 (moped) | 3.5 | – | – | 1.2 | ECE R47 | Yes | 10,000 |
| ≥50 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | – | ECE R40 | Yes | 12,0004 18,0002 30,0003 |
|
| Notes: 1. If installed with emission control device; 2. Maximum speed under 130 km/h and displacement above 150cc; 3. Maximum speed equal to or above 130 km/h and displacement above 150cc; 4. Displacement between 50 and 150 cc; Moped: Maximum speed under or equal to 50 km/h and displacement under or equal to 50 cc |
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Links
Regulatory Documents
-
- China I/II (MC): GB14622-2002
- China III (MC): GB14622-2007 (extended by one year)
- China I/II (mopeds): GB18176-2002
- China III (mopeds): GB18176-2007 (extended by one year)
- Evaporative emissions (both): GB20998-2007
- Idling emissions (both): GB14621-2011
- Exhaust smoke (both): GB19758-2005
